The conflict has reached a critical humanitarian threshold. 2,896 deaths — including 200 children and 267+ women — and 8,730+ injuries recorded since 2 March. Over 1.1 million people (~20% of the Lebanese population) remain internally displaced, with mass displacement compounding pre-existing vulnerabilities across all groups. A US-brokered ceasefire entered into effect on 17 April and was extended by a further three weeks on 23 April following a second round of direct Israel-Lebanon talks at the White House — yet since 17 April, 512 people killed since 17 April despite the active ceasefire — including 59 children killed or injured despite the active ceasefire.

The destruction of civilian infrastructure — medical facilities, bridges, and road networks — combined with critical security threats has severely restricted humanitarian access. Capacity gaps remain most acute in South Lebanon, Nabatieh, Baalbek-Hermel, Bekaa, and the Southern Suburbs of Beirut. Despite the ceasefire, the Israeli Army continues to issue daily warnings against the return of displaced people to 74 localities across southern Lebanon, and Israeli troops remain in the south. On 8 April, Israeli forces struck over 100 targets across the country in under 10 minutes — killing 303 people and injuring 1,150 in a single day, prompting a national day of mourning. Total hostility incidents have now reached 12,291 since 2 March, including 4,120 recorded after the ceasefire — a 61% increase since 24 April alone. Since the ceasefire, the Lebanese Armed Forces have begun repairing damaged roads and bridges, but humanitarian access remains highly constrained.

Displacement conditions, collapse of the protection environment, and chronic lack of privacy continue to drive escalating GBV, exploitation, and trafficking risks for women and girls. Despite the ceasefire, significant barriers to safe and sustainable return persist — including housing destruction, UXO contamination, service gaps, and landlords in southern Lebanon reportedly demanding up to three months' rent in advance. Emerging patterns show families sending male members ahead to assess property damage while women, children, and the elderly remain in collective shelters — increasing exposure to exploitation and protection risks. Attacks on healthcare since 2 March have resulted in 110 deaths and 252 injuries among health workers on duty. In parallel, at least 9 journalists have been killed since 2 March in apparently targeted strikes — acts condemned by UN experts as serious violations of international humanitarian law — further silencing accountability and devastating already overstretched protection and medical services.

As of 15 May, 127,210 people remain in 622 collective shelters — hosted across 32,724 families, with women and girls constituting 52% of the shelter population, living in conditions that fall far short of dignified. Three hospitals remain fully closed and 16 have sustained partial damage; 41 PHCCs are closed. A total of 12,291 hostility incidents have been recorded since 2 March. Protection, GBV, and CP actors remain critically overstretched — 160,000 displaced individuals have been reached with core protection services, but irregular movement patterns are disrupting structured interventions and access to MHPSS remains severely limited due to mobility constraints, ongoing service disruptions, and increased stigma. Among those still in shelters: 44,800 children, 6,400 older people, and 2,406 persons with disabilities — the vast majority in sites not adapted to their needs. IDPs in shelters increased by 5% since last week, with displacement intensifying in Mount Lebanon and sustained pressure in Beirut shelters, while North Lebanon and Akkar record steady rises.