The conflict has crossed a severe humanitarian threshold. Since 2 March 2026, at least 3,412 people have been killed and 10,269 injured, according to the latest publicly reported Ministry of Public Health figures. The most recent sex- and age-disaggregated public dataset available shows 296 women and 217 children killed as of 22 May, with child casualties continuing to rise since then. More than 1.1 million people remain displaced, including large numbers of children, women, older persons, and persons with disabilities. Although a cessation-of-hostilities framework entered into effect in mid-April and was later extended, the security environment remains highly fragile. Violence has continued under the ceasefire period, including airstrikes, displacement orders, attacks affecting healthcare, and repeated child casualties.

Civilian infrastructure damage, security threats, displacement orders, and the destruction of roads and services continue to restrict humanitarian access. Capacity gaps remain most acute in South Lebanon, Nabatieh, Baalbek-Hermel, Bekaa, and displacement-affected areas of Beirut and Mount Lebanon. Since the escalation began, reported hostilities have reached 16,434 incidents, including 8,263 incidents recorded between 17 April and 21 May under the cessation framework. This reflects an approximate 101% increase compared with the pre-ceasefire period, underscoring the gap between the formal ceasefire arrangement and the situation experienced by civilians. While national authorities and the Lebanese Armed Forces continue efforts to repair damaged roads and restore access, humanitarian movement remains constrained and uneven.

Displacement conditions, collapse of the protection environment, and chronic lack of privacy continue to drive escalating GBV, exploitation, and trafficking risks for women and girls. Despite the ceasefire, significant barriers to safe and sustainable return persist, including housing destruction, UXO contamination, service gaps, and landlords in southern Lebanon reportedly demanding up to three months' rent in advance. Emerging patterns show families sending male members ahead to assess property damage while women, children, and the elderly remain in collective shelters, increasing exposure to exploitation and protection risks. Attacks on healthcare since 2 March have resulted in 110 deaths and 259 injuries among health workers on duty, with 18 attacks recorded since the ceasefire alone. In parallel, at least 9 journalists have been killed since 2 March in apparently targeted strikes, acts condemned by UN experts as serious violations of international humanitarian law, further silencing accountability and devastating already overstretched protection and medical services.

As of 28 May, 127,714 people from 33,731 families were hosted across 631 collective shelters nationwide. Women and girls make up nearly 52% of the shelter population. The shelter population remains highly vulnerable, with children, older persons, and persons with disabilities living in sites that are often not adapted to their needs. Health system functionality also remains severely affected: three hospitals remain fully closed, 16 hospitals have been damaged, 45 PHCCs are closed, and 13 PHCCs have been damaged. Protection, GBV, CP, MHPSS, shelter, health, and WASH actors remain overstretched, while irregular population movements continue to disrupt structured interventions, referrals, and follow-up.